Flutter

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SDK Features

• Provides real-time streaming of database changes.
• Offers direct access to the SQLite database, enabling the use of SQL on both client and server sides.
• Operations are asynchronous by default, ensuring the user interface remains unblocked.
• Supports concurrent database operations, allowing one write and multiple reads simultaneously.
• Enables subscription to queries for receiving live updates.
• Eliminates the need for client-side database migrations as these are managed automatically.

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Installation

See the SDK’s README for installation instructions.

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Getting Started

Before implementing the PowerSync SDK in your project, make sure you have completed these steps:

• Signed up for a PowerSync Cloud account (here) or self-host PowerSync.
• Configured your backend database and connected it to your PowerSync instance.
• Installed the PowerSync Flutter SDK.

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1. Define the Schema

The first step is defining the schema for the local SQLite database. This will be provided as a schema parameter to the PowerSyncDatabase constructor.

This schema represents a “view” of the downloaded data. No migrations are required — the schema is applied directly when the PowerSync database is constructed.

The types available are text, integer and real. These should map directly to the values produced by the Sync Rules. If a value doesn’t match, it is cast automatically. For details on how Postgres types are mapped to the types below, see the section on Types in the Sync Rules documentation.

Example:

// lib/models/schema.dart
import 'package:powersync/powersync.dart';

const schema = Schema(([
  Table('todos', [
    Column.text('list_id'),
    Column.text('created_at'),
    Column.text('completed_at'),
    Column.text('description'),
    Column.integer('completed'),
    Column.text('created_by'),
    Column.text('completed_by'),
  ], indexes: [
    // Index to allow efficient lookup within a list
    Index('list', [IndexedColumn('list_id')])
  ]),
  Table('lists', [
    Column.text('created_at'),
    Column.text('name'),
    Column.text('owner_id')
  ])
]));

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2. Instantiate the PowerSync Database

Next, you need to instantiate the PowerSync database — this is the core managed client-side database.

Its primary functions are to record all changes in the local database, whether online or offline. In addition, it automatically uploads changes to your app backend when connected.

To instantiate PowerSyncDatabase, inject the Schema you defined in the previous step and a file path — it’s important to only instantiate one instance of PowerSyncDatabase per file.

Example:

import 'package:powersync/powersync.dart';
import 'package:path_provider/path_provider.dart';
import 'package:path/path.dart';

openDatabase() async {
  final dir = await getApplicationSupportDirectory();
  final path = join(dir.path, 'powersync-dart.db');

  // Set up the database
  // Inject the Schema you defined in the previous step and a file path
  db = PowerSyncDatabase(schema: schema, path: path);
  await db.initialize();
}

Once you’ve instantiated your PowerSync database, you will need to call the connect() method to activate it. This method requires the backend connector that will be created in the next step.

// Uses the backend connector that will be created in the next step
db.connect(connector: MyBackendConnector(db));

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3. Integrate with your Backend

The PowerSync backend connector provides the connection between your application backend and the PowerSync client-slide managed SQLite database.

It is used to:

1. Retrieve an auth token to connect to the PowerSync instance.
2. Apply local changes on your backend application server (and from there, to Postgres)

Accordingly, the connector must implement two methods:

1. PowerSyncBackendConnector.fetchCredentials - This is called every couple of minutes and is used to obtain credentials for your app backend API. -> See Authentication Setup for instructions on how the credentials should be generated.
2. PowerSyncBackendConnector.uploadData - Use this to upload client-side changes to your app backend. -> See Writing Client Changes for considerations on the app backend implementation.

Example:

import 'package:powersync/powersync.dart';
import 'package:path_provider/path_provider.dart';
import 'package:path/path.dart';

late PowerSyncDatabase db;

class MyBackendConnector extends PowerSyncBackendConnector {
  PowerSyncDatabase db;

  MyBackendConnector(this.db);
  @override
  Future<PowerSyncCredentials?> fetchCredentials() async {
    // Implement fetchCredentials to obtain a JWT from your authentication service
    // If you're using Supabase or Firebase, you can re-use the JWT from those clients, see
    // - https://docs.powersync.com/installation/authentication-setup/supabase-auth
    // - https://docs.powersync.com/installation/authentication-setup/firebase-auth

    // See example implementation here: https://pub.dev/documentation/powersync/latest/powersync/DevConnector/fetchCredentials.html

    return {
        endpoint: '[Your PowerSync instance URL or self-hosted endpoint]',
        // Use a development token (see Authentication Setup https://docs.powersync.com/installation/authentication-setup/development-tokens) to get up and running quickly
        token: 'An authentication token'
    };
  }
  @override
  Future<void> uploadData(PowerSyncDatabase database) async {
    // Implement uploadData to send local changes to your backend service
    // You can omit this method if you only want to sync data from the server to the client

    // See example implementation here: https://docs.powersync.com/client-sdk-references/flutter#3-integrate-with-your-backend
  }
}

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Using PowerSync: CRUD functions

Once the PowerSync instance is configured you can start using the SQLite DB functions.

The most commonly used CRUD functions to interact with your SQLite data are:

• PowerSyncDatabase.get - get (SELECT) a single row from a table.
• PowerSyncDatabase.getAll - get (SELECT) a set of rows from a table.
• PowerSyncDatabase.watch - execute a read query every time source tables are modified.
• PowerSyncDatabase.execute - execute a write (INSERT/UPDATE/DELETE) query.

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Fetching a Single Item

The get method executes a read-only (SELECT) query and returns a single result. It throws an exception if no result is found. Use getOptional to return a single optional result (returns null if no result is found).

// Find a list item by ID
Future<TodoList> find(id) async {
  final result = await db.get('SELECT * FROM lists WHERE id = ?', [id]);
  return TodoList.fromRow(result);
}

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Querying Items (PowerSync.getAll)

The getAll method returns a set of rows from a table.

/// Get all list IDs
Future<List<String>> getLists() async {
  ResultSet results = await db.getAll('SELECT id FROM lists WHERE id IS NOT NULL');
  List<String> ids = results.map((row) => row['id'] as String).toList();
  return ids;
}

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Watching Queries (PowerSync.watch)

The watch method executes a read query whenever a change to a dependent table is made.

StreamBuilder(
  // You can watch any SQL query
  stream: db.watch('SELECT * FROM customers ORDER BY id asc'),
  builder: (context, snapshot) {
    if (snapshot.hasData) {
      // TODO: implement your own UI here based on the result set
      return ...;
    } else {
      return const Center(child: CircularProgressIndicator());
    }
  },
)

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Mutations (PowerSync.execute)

The execute method can be used for executing single SQLite write statements.

FloatingActionButton(
  onPressed: () async {
    await db.execute(
      'INSERT INTO customers(id, name, email) VALUES(uuid(), ?, ?)',
      ['Fred', 'fred@example.org'],
    );
  },
  tooltip: '+',
  child: const Icon(Icons.add),
);

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Additional Usage Examples

See Usage Examples for further examples of the SDK.

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ORM Support

See Flutter ORM Support for details.

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Troubleshooting

See Troubleshooting for pointers to debug common issues.