> ## Documentation Index
> Fetch the complete documentation index at: https://docs.powersync.com/llms.txt
> Use this file to discover all available pages before exploring further.

# Drizzle

> Use the Drizzle ORM with PowerSync's JavaScript and React Native SDKs.

<Card title="npm: @powersync/drizzle-driver" icon="npm" href="https://www.npmjs.com/package/@powersync/drizzle-driver" horizontal />

This package enables using [Drizzle](https://orm.drizzle.team/) with the PowerSync [React Native](/client-sdks/reference/react-native-and-expo) and [JavaScript Web](/client-sdks/reference/javascript-web) SDKs.

## Setup

Set up the PowerSync Database and wrap it with Drizzle.

```js theme={null}
import { wrapPowerSyncWithDrizzle } from '@powersync/drizzle-driver';
import { PowerSyncDatabase } from '@powersync/web';
import { relations } from 'drizzle-orm';
import { index, integer, sqliteTable, text } from 'drizzle-orm/sqlite-core';
import { AppSchema } from './schema';

export const lists = sqliteTable('lists', {
  id: text('id'),
  name: text('name')
});

export const todos = sqliteTable('todos', {
  id: text('id'),
  description: text('description'),
  list_id: text('list_id'),
  created_at: text('created_at')
});

export const listsRelations = relations(lists, ({ one, many }) => ({
  todos: many(todos)
}));

export const todosRelations = relations(todos, ({ one, many }) => ({
  list: one(lists, {
    fields: [todos.list_id],
    references: [lists.id]
  })
}));

export const drizzleSchema = {
  lists,
  todos,
  listsRelations,
  todosRelations
};

// As an alternative to manually defining a PowerSync schema, generate the local PowerSync schema from the Drizzle schema with the `DrizzleAppSchema` constructor:
// import { DrizzleAppSchema } from '@powersync/drizzle-driver';
// export const AppSchema = new DrizzleAppSchema(drizzleSchema);
//
// This is optional, but recommended, since you will only need to maintain one schema on the client-side
// Read on to learn more.

export const powerSyncDb = new PowerSyncDatabase({
  database: {
    dbFilename: 'test.sqlite'
  },
  schema: AppSchema
});

// This is the DB you will use in queries
export const db = wrapPowerSyncWithDrizzle(powerSyncDb, {
  schema: drizzleSchema
});
```

## Schema Conversion

The `DrizzleAppSchema` constructor simplifies the process of integrating Drizzle with PowerSync. It infers the [client-side PowerSync schema](/intro/setup-guide#define-your-client-side-schema) from your Drizzle schema definition, providing a unified development experience.

As the PowerSync schema only supports SQLite types (`text`, `integer`, and `real`), the same limitation extends to the Drizzle table definitions.

To use it, define your Drizzle tables and supply the schema to the `DrizzleAppSchema` function:

```js theme={null}
import { DrizzleAppSchema } from '@powersync/drizzle-driver';
import { sqliteTable, text } from 'drizzle-orm/sqlite-core';

// Define a Drizzle table
const lists = sqliteTable('lists', {
  id: text('id').primaryKey().notNull(),
  created_at: text('created_at'),
  name: text('name').notNull(),
  owner_id: text('owner_id')
});

export const drizzleSchema = {
  lists
};

// Infer the PowerSync schema from your Drizzle schema
export const AppSchema = new DrizzleAppSchema(drizzleSchema);
```

### Defining PowerSync Options

The PowerSync table definition allows additional options supported by PowerSync's app schema beyond that which are supported by Drizzle.
They can be specified as follows. Note that these options exclude indexes as they can be specified in a Drizzle table.

```js theme={null}
import { DrizzleAppSchema } from '@powersync/drizzle-driver';
// import { DrizzleAppSchema, type DrizzleTableWithPowerSyncOptions} from '@powersync/drizzle-driver'; for TypeScript

const listsWithOptions = { tableDefinition: logs, options: { localOnly: true } };
// const listsWithOptions: DrizzleTableWithPowerSyncOptions = { tableDefinition: logs, options: { localOnly: true } }; for TypeScript

export const drizzleSchemaWithOptions = {
  lists: listsWithOptions
};

export const AppSchema = new DrizzleAppSchema(drizzleSchemaWithOptions);
```

### Converting a Single Table From Drizzle to PowerSync

Drizzle tables can also be converted on a table-by-table basis with `toPowerSyncTable`.

```js theme={null}
import { toPowerSyncTable } from '@powersync/drizzle-driver';
import { Schema } from '@powersync/web';
import { sqliteTable, text } from 'drizzle-orm/sqlite-core';

// Define a Drizzle table
const lists = sqliteTable('lists', {
  id: text('id').primaryKey().notNull(),
  created_at: text('created_at'),
  name: text('name').notNull(),
  owner_id: text('owner_id')
});

const psLists = toPowerSyncTable(lists); // converts the Drizzle table to a PowerSync table
// toPowerSyncTable(lists, { localOnly: true }); - allows for PowerSync table configuration

export const AppSchema = new Schema({
  lists: psLists // names the table `lists` in the PowerSync schema
});
```

## Compilable Queries

To use Drizzle queries in your hooks and composables, they currently need to be converted using `toCompilableQuery`.

```js theme={null}
import { toCompilableQuery } from "@powersync/drizzle-driver";

const query = db.select().from(users);
const { data: listRecords, isLoading } = useQuery(toCompilableQuery(query));
```

## Usage Examples

Below are examples comparing Drizzle and PowerSync syntax for common database operations.

### Select Operations

<CodeGroup>
  ```js Drizzle theme={null}
  const result = await db.select().from(users);

  // [{ id: '1', name: 'user1' }, { id: '2', name: 'user2' }]

  ```

  ```js PowerSync theme={null}
  const result = await powerSyncDb.getAll('SELECT * from users');

  // [{ id: '1', name: 'user1' }, { id: '2', name: 'user2' }]

  ```
</CodeGroup>

### Insert Operations

<CodeGroup>
  ```js Drizzle theme={null}
  await db.insert(users).values({ id: '1', name: 'John' });
  const result = await db.select().from(users);

  // [{ id: '1', name: 'John' }]

  ```

  ```js PowerSync theme={null}
  await powerSyncDb.execute('INSERT INTO users (id, name) VALUES(1, ?)', ['John']);
  const result = await powerSyncDb.getAll('SELECT * from users');

  // [{ id: '1', name: 'John' }]

  ```
</CodeGroup>

### Delete Operations

<CodeGroup>
  ```js Drizzle theme={null}
  await db.insert(users).values({ id: '2', name: 'Ben' });
  await db.delete(users).where(eq(users.name, 'Ben'));
  const result = await db.select().from(users);

  // []

  ```

  ```js PowerSync theme={null}
  await powerSyncDb.execute('INSERT INTO users (id, name) VALUES(2, ?)', ['Ben']);
  await powerSyncDb.execute(`DELETE FROM users WHERE name = ?`, ['Ben']);
  const result = await powerSyncDb.getAll('SELECT * from users');

  // []

  ```
</CodeGroup>

### Update Operations

<CodeGroup>
  ```js Drizzle theme={null}
  await db.insert(users).values({ id: '3', name: 'Lucy' });
  await db.update(users).set({ name: 'Lucy Smith' }).where(eq(users.name, 'Lucy'));
  const result = await db.select({ name: users.name }).from(users).get();

  // 'Lucy Smith'

  ```

  ```js PowerSync theme={null}
  await powerSyncDb.execute('INSERT INTO users (id, name) VALUES(3, ?)', ['Lucy']);
  await powerSyncDb.execute('UPDATE users SET name = ? WHERE name = ?', ['Lucy Smith', 'Lucy']);
  const result = await powerSyncDb.get('SELECT name FROM users WHERE name = ?', ['Lucy Smith'])

  // 'Lucy Smith'

  ```
</CodeGroup>

### Watched Queries

For watched queries with Drizzle it's recommended to use the `watch()` function from the Drizzle integration which takes in a Drizzle query.

<CodeGroup>
  ```js Drizzle theme={null}

  const query = db.select().from(users);

  db.watch(query, {
    onResult(results) {
      console.log(results);
    },
  });

  // [{ id: '1', name: 'John' }]
  ```

  ```js PowerSync theme={null}
  powerSyncDb.watch("select * from users", [], {
    onResult(results) {
      console.log(results.rows?._array);
    },
  });

  // [{ id: '1', name: 'John' }]
  ```
</CodeGroup>

### Transactions

<CodeGroup>
  ```js Drizzle theme={null}
  await db.transaction(async (transaction) => {
    await transaction.insert(users).values({ id: "4", name: "James" });
    await transaction
      .update(users)
      .set({ name: "Lucy James Smith" })
      .where(eq(users.name, "James"));
  });

  const result = await db.select({ name: users.name }).from(users).get();

  // 'James Smith'
  ```

  ```js PowerSync theme={null}
  await powerSyncDb.writeTransaction(async (transaction) => {
    await transaction.execute('INSERT INTO users (id, name) VALUES(4, ?)', ['James']);
    await transaction.execute("UPDATE users SET name = ? WHERE name = ?", ['James Smith', 'James']);
  })
  const result = await powerSyncDb.get('SELECT name FROM users WHERE name = ?', ['James Smith'])

  // 'James Smith'

  ```
</CodeGroup>

## Developer Notes

### Table Constraint Restrictions

The Drizzle ORM relies on the underlying PowerSync table definitions which are subject to certain limitations.
This means that most Drizzle [constraint features](https://orm.drizzle.team/docs/indexes-constraints) (such as cascading deletes, foreign checks, unique) are currently not supported.